Project History and Component Roles
Project V is a starting point for understanding V2Ray's technical background. Proxy cores organize connections around inbounds, outbounds, and routing, while graphical clients provide subscription lists, system proxy controls, and settings interfaces. V2Fly continues development related to V2Ray, while Xray is an independently developed core branch. The two share some concepts, but their features and configuration have evolved differently. When consulting documentation, check which core it covers rather than relying on V2Ray in the title alone.
Core Families and Protocol Compatibility
VMess, VLESS, and Trojan are connection protocols; TCP and WebSocket describe transport methods; TLS covers transport security settings. Consider these layers together—a protocol name alone isn't a complete configuration. Before choosing a core, check the server's protocol, transport, security settings, and extension requirements, then make sure the client can generate the required fields. If something isn't compatible, identify the specific field rather than assuming the client failed to install.
Three Clients and Their Open-Source Licenses
v2rayN, v2rayNG, and v2flyNG are open-source graphical clients released under the GPL-3.0 license. Cores, rule data, and bundled components may have their own licenses, so a client's license label doesn't cover every dependency. Open source lets you inspect how the software works and understand its configuration, but it doesn't replace checking the server's source, subscription permissions, or system permissions. Subscription URLs may contain credentials; remove sensitive details before sharing screenshots or logs.
Updates and Configuration Migration
Client, core, subscription, and rule data updates are separate operations. A client update can change the interface and how configurations are generated; a core update can affect supported fields and connection behavior; subscription updates change connection profiles; rule updates change what matches. Before changing your setup, save a working configuration and any custom rules, then change one component at a time. Reload the configuration afterward and test DNS resolution, direct connections, and proxied connections separately to identify what changed.